So, aaj hum baat karenge DNS ke bare mein jise hum
domain name system bhi khate hai, agar apko pata hai ki dns kya
hai toh bahut hi achi baat hai lekin agar apko bilkul idea nahi hai
dns kya hai toh ye blogpost apke liye hai.
DNS kya hai?
Domain Name System, ye DNS ka full form hai, ek esa system hai jo domain names
(example hinglishblog.in, hotdl.in) ko IP address (545.054.5.0) mein translate
karta hai jiske madad se hum internet se data access kar pate hai.
Kyunki har web browsers (jaha hum online searches karte hai like
chrome) internet protocol (IP) se interact karta hai. Friends IP
address ka matlab hota hai internet protocol address. Wo har ek device
jo internet se connected hota hai un sabka ek apna unique IP address hota hai.
Aur issi unique IP address ka karan hum koi bhi device ko track kar sakte hai.
Kyunki IP address numeric hota hai aur bhaut complex hota hai isko yaad karna
thora difficult ho jata hai. Aaur issi problem ko solve karne ke liye DNS kam
ata hai jo ki ek IP address ko domain ke sath associate kar deta hai. Aur yahi
sab karano ke bajese domain name system ko internet ka phonebook bhi
kaha jata hai.
Internet Protocol kya hai?
IP jiska full form internet protocol hai, ye ek protocol hai, yani set of
rules matlab niyam samoh jiske madad se data packets sahi marg se pure network
mein kahi bhi travel kar sake aur apne correct destination pohoch sake.
DNS kaise kam karta hai?
Itna toh humein pata chal gya ki DNS hostname (example hinglishblog.in,
hotdl.in) ko computer-friendly IP address (example 545.054.5.0) mein convert
kar deta hai. Par ye jo information hai ki is domain name ka IP address falana
hai. Ye information kaha store hota hai? Nameserver par hota hai.
Nameserver par DNS records store hota hai. Ye sare records actual files hote
hai jaha ye mention kiya rehta hai ki ye particular domain is particular IP
address se associated hai. IP address un devices ko diya jata hai jo internet
se connected hota hai aur ye address bahut important hota hai, kyunki isi IP
address ke madad se hum dusre device se is device ko dhund sakte hai.
Aur jab bhi koi web page humare device se load hota hai tab ek translation
prakriya chalu hota hai users aur machine ke bich jaha par humare typing kiye
gaye shabd ya sentence ko machine-friendly IP address me convert karke humare
device me wo data internet duara provide kia jata hai.
4 DNS server kam karti hai ek webpage ko load karane mein.
1. DNS recursor kya hai?
Recursor server, ise DNS reslover bhi bola jata hai, ye is tarah design kiya
gya hai ki ye sare client machins se quries leta hai applications ke madad se
like web browsers. Matlab ye ek librarian ke tarah hai jisse sare log puchte
hai ki muje ye book dhund ke do ya wo novel dhund ke do.
Fir ye aage dusre DNS servers se communicate karta hai exact IP address find
karne ke liye. Jab ye server ko sare clients se request mil jata hai uske bad
ye server khud ek client ke jesa act karta hai aur dusre DNS ko quries sent
karta hai.
2. Root nameserver kya hai?
Translation jo hota hai uska first step isi server par shuru hota hai, matlab
jo host name hota hai usko resolve karke IP address mein lana. Is server ka
kam hota hai jitne bhi quries recieve hua hai un sabka answer dena.
3. TDL nameserver kya hai?
Ek sahi IP address khojne mein TDL nameserver madad karti hai, TDL name ke
andar jo second level domain rehta hai un sabka IP address TDL nameserver apne
pas rakhta hai. Ise hum library ke specific (vishist) book rack ke tarah bhi
samjh sakte hai.
4. Authoritative nameserver kya hai?
DNS queries ki jo final aur real solution ya answers hai wo authoratitative
nameserver hi provide karta hai. Ise hum dictionary ke tarah le sakte hai jaha
sare alag-alag sabdh ko meaning full definitions mein translate kia jata hai.
2 prakar ke authoritative nameserver hota hai, master server (primary server)
and slave server (secondary server). Zone records ke original copies master
server par hota hai aur copy version slave server par hota hai.
FAQs
Q: DNS kya hai aur ye kaise kaam karta hai?
A: DNS (Domain Name System) ek network protocol hai jisse domain
names ko IP addresses me convert kiya jaata hai. Ye kaam karne ke liye DNS
server ka use kiya jaata hai.
Q: DNS server kya hota hai aur ye kaise kaam karta hai?
A: DNS server ek computer system hai jisme DNS software install hota
hai. Ye software domain names ko IP addresses me convert karne ke liye kaam
karta hai. Jab koi user internet pe kuch search karta hai, to DNS server us
domain name ko IP address me convert karta hai aur user ko request bhejne ke
liye IP address provide karta hai.
Q: DNS record kya hota hai aur iske types kya hai?
A: DNS record me domain name aur uska corresponding IP address hota
hai. DNS record ke types hai A record, CNAME record, MX record, NS record,
PTR record, SRV record, TXT record.
Q: DNS propagation kya hota hai?
A: Jab koi domain name ka IP address change hota hai, to ye change
worldwide DNS servers pe propagate hona zaroori hai. Ye process DNS
propagation ke naam se jaani jaati hai.
Q: DNS cache kya hota hai aur iska use kya hai?
A: DNS cache ek temporary storage hai jisme DNS queries aur unke
corresponding IP addresses store hote hai. Ye cache ka use network traffic
ko kam karne ke liye kiya jaata hai.
Q: DNS spoofing kya hota hai?
A: DNS spoofing ek cyber attack hai jisme hacker ek DNS server ka use
karke user ko fake website pe redirect kar deta hai. Isse user ka data
compromise ho jaata hai.
Q: DNS server ke liye security measures kya hai?
A: DNS server ke liye security measures hai firewall, regular
updates, aur access controls. DNS server ko secure rakhna bahut zaroori hai
taaki hackers usko compromise na kar sake.
Q: DNS ke bina internet kaise kaam karta hai?
A: DNS ke bina internet IP address pe kaam karta hai. Jab bhi user
kuch search karta hai, to wo directly IP address pe request bhejta hai aur
response receive karta hai.
Q: DNS ke liye alternative hai?
A: DNS ke liye alternative hai decentralised name systems jaise ki
Blockchain-based name systems. Iske alava, peer-to-peer name systems bhi DNS
ke alternative hai.
Q: DNS future me kaise develop ho sakta hai?
A: DNS future me security, privacy, aur decentralisation pe focus
kiya ja sakta hai. Iske alava, DNS performance aur scalability ko improve
kiya ja sakta hai taaki future ke demands ko meet kiya ja sake.
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